The worst has happened: the illicit ordinations, the excommunications, the schism. A fissure has appeared (or re-appeared, or widened) in the unity of the Catholic Church. Recriminations will not change the history nor repair the damage. What will?

In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI offered some wise counsel for Church leaders facing such crises:

“Looking back over the past, to the divisions which in the course of the centuries have rent the Body of Christ, one continually has the impression that, at critical moments when divisions were coming about, not enough was done by the Church’s leaders to maintain or regain reconciliation and unity. One has the impression that omissions on the part of the Church have had their share of blame for the fact that these divisions were able to harden. This glance at the past imposes an obligation on us today: to make every effort to enable for all those who truly desire unity to remain in that unity or to attain it anew.”

That advice came in a letter that Pope Benedict wrote to the world’s bishops in July 2007, accompanying the release of Summorum Pontificum, his effort to heal the wound that is now festering. That effort was abruptly ended, of course, when Pope Francis issued Traditionis Custodes five years ago.

Avoiding further alienation

In effectively reversing Summorum Pontificum, Pope Francis explained that he was acting for the sake of Church unity: the same goal that Pope Benedict had cited as the reason for his initiative. Having surveyed the world’s bishops, Pope Francis reported that tensions within the Church had been aggravated by the wider use of the traditional liturgy.

Thanks to the reporting of Diane Montagna, we now know that explanation was inaccurate. Most of the bishops did not report problems with the implementation of Pope Benedict’s directive. In fact an internal Vatican report concluded that “the majority of bishops who responded to the questionnaire stated that making legislative changes to Summorum Pontificum would cause more harm than good.”

Several questions now arise. If most bishops were not troubled by the growth of traditionalism, why were there so few public objections to Traditionis Custodes? Why did those bishops who had advised against “legislative changes to Summorum Pontificum” remain silent when Pope Francis made those changes? Why did the cardinals, whose role it is to advise the Pontiff, not urge him to reconsider? Why did diocesan bishops quietly surrender their responsibility for appraising the pastoral needs of their own flocks? Did all those prelates fear the wrath of Pope Francis more than they valued the unity of the Church?

But again, recriminations will not repair the damage done. Our task now is to bring the two sides back together—or at a minimum, following the advice of Benedict XVI—to avoid a further hardening of the opposing stances.

To that end, those who lament the intransigence of the Society of St. Pius X (and I count myself among them) should be prepared to go the extra mile, assuming—perhaps even sometimes against the evidence—that the SSPX leaders are acting in good faith, motivated by what they perceive as the urgent needs of the Catholic faithful. The Vatican and the world’s bishops should discourage the controversialists who are in effect saying “good riddance” to traditionalists.

Tone down the rhetoric

For their part, responsible SSPX leaders should do their best to tone down the incendiary rhetoric of some of their own followers—and for that matter, at least one of their newly ordained bishops. When Bishop Goldade preached that “the modernist Church is a desert that kills everything that it touches,” he fueled apprehensions that the SSPX has no real desire for communion with the Holy See. Why would the group want closer contact with a Church that kills what it touches?

Surely SSPX members should not rejoice over the rupture. Several traditionalist sources have reported that attendance at SSPX Masses has increased significantly since the excommunications. If accurate, those reports are troubling, Why would someone who had not already been attending Mass at SSPX chapels now join those congregations, if not to thumb their noses at the Vatican?

Because the decree of excommunication and the accompanying Note from Cardinal Fernandez were (or purported to be) documents with the force of law, some canon lawyers are now questioning the validity of the rulings. I would urge supporters of the SSPX to let the canonical appeals run their course, and not to base their own decisions too heavily on those canonical arguments, for three reasons:

The system of canon law is not the same as the Anglo-American legal system, and amateur canonists often make fundamental mistakes about the strength of different arguments.

Any canonical appeal will ultimately be decided by a Vatican tribunal; the field is heavily tilted to favor the home team.

A canonical dispute cannot resolve the real problem, which is the alienation of the SSPX from the Holy See. Even in the (highly unlikely) event that the excommunications were lifted, the status of the SSPX would remain irregular; the mutual suspicions would remain.

The first positive step: undo Traditionis Custodes

These are all negative suggestions: advice on what good Catholics should not do. What positive steps can Church leaders take— especially if they follow the advice of Pope Benedict XVI and “make every effort to enable those who truly desire unity to remain in that unity or to attain it anew”?

If the goal of Pope Francis was to enhance Church unity, his 2021 apostolic letter has been a failure. The initiative was based on false information and a faulty judgment. Its practical effect has been to increase the tensions between tradition-minded Catholics and the hierarchy. Since Traditionis essentially reversed Summorum Pontificum, it seems obvious that Pope Leo, too, could reverse his predecessor’s policy.

Since Pope Leo took office there have been signs that he is disposed to allow diocesan bishops more freedom to accommodate the legitimate requests of traditionalists, loosening the tight restrictions of the previous regime. But he could do more than issue subtle signals; he could abolish the restrictions and actively encourage the “mutual enrichment” that Pope Benedict sought. Indeed if he had done so earlier in his pontificate, the new Pope would have given tradition-minded Catholics more confidence in his leadership—and consequently, less sympathy for the SSPX members who defied him.

Prominent Vatican officials, past and present, have reached that same conclusion. “Traditionis Custodes has failed; we must return to Summorum Pontificum,” says Cardinal Gerhard Müller, the former prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. “Maintaining the prohibitions is an assist to Lefebvrist propaganda.”

“We need to rethink Traditionis Custodes, especially for those faithful who feel drawn to [the traditional liturgy] without sharing the ideology of the SSPX,” agrees Cardinal Kurt Koch — who is, by the way, the prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity.

Cardinal Angelo Bagnasco, the retired Archbishop of Genoa, recognizes the pastoral wisdom of encouraging the traditional liturgy, as allowed by Summorum: ‘If, in this area, differences do not become absolutes, banners, or parties, then why not? The good of souls is the mission of the Church.”

And it should be no surprise that Archbishop Georg Gänswein, the longtime secretary to Pope Benedict, sees the same wisdom in Summorum. “I believe that Pope Francis made a mistake, without realizing it,” he says of Traditionis. He acknowledges that Pope Francis was seeking unity, “but it had the opposite effect.” He goes on to suggest:

Speaking frankly, I believe that Rome can now open to the possibility of being more flexible, generous, and paternal with regard to the possibility of celebrating Mass in Latin.

Second, crack down on serious liturgical abuses in the Novus Ordo.

Many faithful Catholics have become traditionalists after fleeing from parishes where the Mass was celebrated without reverence, where liturgical rubrics were ignored, where the altar became an ideological showcase. For some such refugees from liturgical corruption, the SSPX was the only readily available alternative.

Now, having learned to love the ancient liturgy, those Catholics ask why the only priests subject to prompt disciplinary action by the hierarchy are those who celebrate the Traditional Latin Mass. Why are they expected to adhere to strict liturgical guidelines, when so many other priests make their own rules?

“I believe we must put an end to the abuses of the liturgy,” says Cardinal Antonio Maria Rouco Varela, the retired Archbishop of Madrid, noting that some practices that are common today are contrary to the actual recommendations of Vatican II. He argues: “The liturgy of Vatican II must be celebrated properly, and we also need understanding for those who prefer the old rite.”

Bishop Johannes Henriks of Amsterdam has a similar perspective. He has urged his priests to welcome lay Catholics who have been active in the SSPX, understanding that many of them have had “disappointing experiences within the Catholic Church, such as a lack of reverence and fidelity to Church and faith.”

Third, reassure traditionalists that they are welcome.

The SSPX has broken with Rome, but the many thousands of traditionalist Catholics who are not affiliated with the SSPX should not be regarded as second-class citizens in their dioceses. (That was, unfortunately, the result of Traditionis Custodes). At the same time, those who have worshipped with the SSPX, but do not want to join in the schism, should be extended a warm welcome.

In Norway, Bishop Fredrick Hansen of Oslo recognized this pastoral challenge, and issued a message to all traditionalists:

“You wish to be able to take part in the liturgical celebration according to the 1962 Missal. Many of you also look to a spiritual expression and a spirituality shaped by the pre-conciliar liturgy. I understand this. Masses according to the 1962 Missal are celebrated every Sunday at St. Joseph Church in Oslo. This will continue. If there is a need for it, and if it would be for the good of the Church and of souls, I will also expand this form of Mass celebration in our local Church.”

In Minnesota, Bishop Bernard Hebna of St. Paul-Minneapolis sounded a similar note:

“At this difficult moment, we are blessed that the same traditional Eucharistic liturgy beloved by those who have worshipped with the SSPX in the past continues to be celebrated in six locations throughout the archdiocese,” Hebda said. “I am confident that those who prefer the Traditional Latin Mass could find a home here.

In Bridgeport, Connecticut, Bishop Frank Caggiano also put out the welcome mat, saying: “I invite home those who previously worshipped with the Society.” He added: “The reverent worship that has drawn those faithful remains very much alive in our own parishes.”

Finally, if diocesan bishops should make special efforts to welcome traditionalists, it follows that the Vatican should reprimand bishops who show an active hostility toward the traditionalists in the flock. The Diocese of Charlotte might be a good place to start.

From Phil Lawler’s Substack